Prognostics of Lithium-ion Batteries using Extended Kalman Filtering

Lithium-ion batteries have become a chosen energy solution for many types of systems including consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and military and aerospace electronics, due to their high energy density, high galvanic potential, lightness of weight and long lifetimes compared to lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, and nickel-metal-hydride cells. As the demand for lithium-ion batteries increases so does the need to evaluate their reliability. This process requires an understanding of battery degradation and how it can be monitored and predicted under different environmental and usages conditions. With this knowledge, decisions regarding maintenance and warranty can be made.